大学英语四级语法部分虽不单独设题，但贯穿于听、读、写、译各题型中。扎实的语法基础，是达成全方位突破的首要条件。新东方在线整理了2025年12月英语四级常考语法，供各位考生参考。
2025年12月英语四级常考语法
独立主格结构，是由“名词或代词+目前分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。在该结构中，名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语，表示 “时间、条件、缘由、随着，方法或结果” 等含义。其地方比较灵活，放于句首句末均可。
1. 名词+ 目前分词
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them.
2. 名词+ 过去分词
He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast.
Enough time given, she will surely do the job better.
3. 名词+ 不定式
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food.
4. 名词+ 形容词短语
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away.
I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky.
5. 名词+ 介词短语
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand.
Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting.
6. 名词+ 副词短语
Summer over, the students returned to school.
7. 名词+ 名词短语
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.
8. with复合结构
“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分要紧。在句中表示“缘由，结果，随着，方法”等状况。现把“with复合结构”的各种状况作一总结。
with + 宾语 + 形容词
The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.
with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand.
with + 宾语 + 副词
The proud girl walked away with her head up.
with + 宾语 + 目前分词
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.
with + 宾语 + 过去分词
If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person.
with + 宾语 + 不定式
With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well.
一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示随着情况;若放在句首，则多表示“缘由”或“条件”，比如：
With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 因为她母亲不在家，这个女生感到非常孤单。
With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 由于向导带路，我没如何费事就找到了他们的村子。
从上面的各种例句中可以看出，独立主格结构本身不是一个完整的句子，它事实上是一个含有逻辑主语的某种短语，用来修饰其它一个句子的。
1. 独立主格结构的转换
独立主格结构可以参考其语法用途，进行句式转换。比如：The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
①转换为状语从句：When the clock was striking twelve, I went to bed.
②也可以转换成一个并列句：The clock stuck twelve and I went to bed.
2. 独立主格结构与冠词
在“名词+ 介词短语”独立主格结构中，假如逻辑主语和介词短语中的名词都是可数名词单数，这类名词前不要用冠词，目的为了愈加简练。
He was standing over there, pipe in mouth.
Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed to the TOP of the building.
但若与with连用，名词前则要加冠词或物主代词。如：
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, with a sword in his hand.
3. 独立主格结构中being 的省略
在下列句子中，being 可以省略，若不省略，则是目前分词短语。
Summer over, the students returned to school.
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away.
以上就是新东方在线大学英语四级频道为大伙收拾的“2025年12月英语四级常考语法”，期望大伙可以更好的学会大学英语四级语法攻略，提升大学英语四级水平。
